【Angular】Angular17のSSRを使ってみる

2024.09.28

　Angular v17でServer Side Rendering（SSR）を実現するためのライブラリのAngular UniversalがAngular CLIに統合され、より簡単にSSR対応アプリを作成できるようになったみたいなので使ってみました。

　まず、SPA / MPA と CSR / SSR について簡単に解説してから実装に入ります。もうそんな事知ってるよって人は解説は飛ばしてください。

　本当はSSGもやりたかったんですが、今回はスキップします。いつかSSGもやります。。。

SPA / MPA

MPA（Multi Page Application）

　MPAは各ページに異なるHTMLが用意されており、ページ遷移のたびにサーバーへのリクエストして新しいHTMLを取得します。

SPA（Single Page Application）

　SPAは単一のページ（HTML）でできており、ページ遷移の場合はWebサーバーにリクエストするのではなくJavaScriptでページを書き換えています。

CSR / SSR

　この記事を書くにあたり色々調べたところSSRとSPAを比較する記事がそこそこありましたが、SPAは（Application）とあるようにアプリケーションの種別、SSRは（Rendering）とあるようにレンダリング技術のことなのでそもそもカテゴリが違います。

CSR（Client Side Rendering）

　CSRはアクセス時のページ生成をクライアントサイドで行います。その後の画面遷移もJavaScriptで処理するため、遷移のたびにWebサーバーへHTMLを要求する必要がありません。

　SPAとSSRを比較している人は、「SPA = CSR」と認識してしまっているんだと思いますが、前述したようにSPAはアプリケーションの種別、CSRはレンダリングの技術なのでこの2つは別物です。

SSR（Server Side Rendering）

　SSRはアクセス時のページ生成をサーバーサイドで行います。その後の画面遷移はCSRと同じ挙動になります。

実装

　ここから本題の実装に入ります。

環境

  • node: 18.20.0
  • Angular CLI：17.0.0

プロジェクトの作成

$ ng new sample-ssr --ssr

　--ssr でSSRを有効にできます。 --ssr をつけ忘れたとしても3回目に ? Do you want to enable Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Site Generation (SSG/Prerendering)? (y/N) と聞かれるので y と回答すればSSRを有効にできます。

　生成されたファイルを見ると、いくつかSSRに関係するファイルが見つかります。

  • server.ts
  • src/main.server.ts
  • src/app/app.config.server.ts

　下の2つはSSRに切り替えるための設定ファイルっぽいです。 server.ts はExpress によるサーバ定義が書かれていて、変更するとしたらこのファイルを変更することになりそうです。今回はそこまでやりません。

確認

　この状態でSSRとなっているので1回確認します。

$ ng serve

　ブラウザで「http://localhost:4200/」にアクセスします。

　SSRになっているかを確認するためには右クリックの「ページのソースを表示」でソースを表示します。サーバー側でレンダリングされているので body の中身に表示されているソースが表示されます。

<body><!--nghm-->
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_ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" class="social-links"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" href="https://github.com/angular/angular" aria-label="Github" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg _ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" alt="Github"><path _ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" d="M12.3047 0C5.50634 0 0 5.50942 0 12.3047C0 17.7423 3.52529 22.3535 8.41332 23.9787C9.02856 24.0946 9.25414 23.7142 9.25414 23.3871C9.25414 23.0949 9.24389 22.3207 9.23876 21.2953C5.81601 22.0377 5.09414 19.6444 5.09414 19.6444C4.53427 18.2243 3.72524 17.8449 3.72524 17.8449C2.61064 17.082 3.81137 17.0973 3.81137 17.0973C5.04697 17.1835 5.69604 18.3647 5.69604 18.3647C6.79321 20.2463 8.57636 19.7029 9.27978 19.3881C9.39052 18.5924 9.70736 18.0499 10.0591 17.7423C7.32641 17.4347 4.45429 16.3765 4.45429 11.6618C4.45429 10.3185 4.9311 9.22133 5.72065 8.36C5.58222 8.04931 5.16694 6.79833 5.82831 5.10337C5.82831 5.10337 6.85883 4.77319 9.2121 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_ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbn1OgGei-DV7aSRo_HaAiw" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg _ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" width="29" height="20" viewBox="0 0 29 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" alt="Youtube"><path _ngcontent-ng-c4077364434="" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M27.4896 1.52422C27.9301 1.96749 28.2463 2.51866 28.4068 3.12258C29.0004 5.35161 29.0004 10 29.0004 10C29.0004 10 29.0004 14.6484 28.4068 16.8774C28.2463 17.4813 27.9301 18.0325 27.4896 18.4758C27.0492 18.9191 26.5 19.2389 25.8972 19.4032C23.6778 20 14.8068 20 14.8068 20C14.8068 20 5.93586 20 3.71651 19.4032C3.11363 19.2389 2.56449 18.9191 2.12405 18.4758C1.68361 18.0325 1.36732 17.4813 1.20683 16.8774C0.613281 14.6484 0.613281 10 0.613281 10C0.613281 10 0.613281 5.35161 1.20683 3.12258C1.36732 2.51866 1.68361 1.96749 2.12405 1.52422C2.56449 1.08095 3.11363 0.76113 3.71651 0.596774C5.93586 0 14.8068 0 14.8068 0C14.8068 0 23.6778 0 25.8972 0.596774C26.5 0.76113 27.0492 1.08095 27.4896 1.52422ZM19.3229 10L11.9036 5.77905V14.221L19.3229 10Z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></main><router-outlet _ngcontent-ng-c4077364434=""></router-outlet><!--container--></app-root>
<script src="polyfills.js" type="module"></script><script src="main.js" type="module"></script>

<script id="ng-state" type="application/json">{"__nghData__":[{"t":{"27":"t0"},"c":{"27":[{"i":"t0","r":1,"x":5}],"38":[]}}]}</script></body>

　これがCSRの場合は body の中身はほぼ空になります。

<body>
  <app-root></app-root>
<script src="polyfills.js" type="module"></script><script src="main.js" type="module"></script></body>

ページ遷移の確認

　次はページ遷移の動きを確認していきます。

パッケージインストール

$ ng add @angular/material

コンポーネントの作成

$ ng generate component page-a
$ ng generate component page-b

　ページ遷移を確認したいだけなのでコンポーネントの中身は変更しません。

ルーティングの設定

　タブでページ遷移できるようにルーティングを設定していきます。

import { Routes } from '@angular/router';

import { PageAComponent } from './page-a/page-a.component'; // 追加
import { PageBComponent } from './page-b/page-b.component'; // 追加

export const routes: Routes = [ // 変更
  { path: '', redirectTo: '/page-a', pathMatch: 'full' },

  { path: 'page-a', component: PageAComponent },
  { path: 'page-b', component: PageBComponent },

  { path: '**', redirectTo: '/page-a' }
];

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { RouterOutlet, RouterModule } from '@angular/router'; // RouterModuleを追加
import { MatTabsModule } from '@angular/material/tabs';       // 追加

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  standalone: true,
  imports:
    [
      CommonModule,
      RouterOutlet,
      RouterModule,           // 追加
      MatTabsModule           // 追加
    ],
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
  title = 'rendering';
}

<nav mat-tab-nav-bar [tabPanel]="tabPanel">
  <a mat-tab-link routerLink="/page-a">page-a</a>
  <a mat-tab-link routerLink="/page-b">page-b</a>
</nav>

<mat-tab-nav-panel #tabPanel>
  <router-outlet></router-outlet>
</mat-tab-nav-panel>

確認

$ ng serve

　ブラウザで「http://localhost:4200/」にアクセスして、page-a と page-b のソースを確認します。

<body class="mat-typography"><!--nghm-->
  <app-root _nghost-ng-c607246935="" ng-version="17.3.12" ngh="1" ng-server-context="ssr"><nav _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-nav-bar="" class="mat-mdc-tab-nav-bar mat-mdc-tab-header mat-mdc-tab-nav-bar-stretch-tabs mat-primary _mat-animation-noopable" ng-reflect-tab-panel="[object Object]" role="tablist" ngh="0"><button aria-hidden="true" type="button" mat-ripple="" tabindex="-1" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-before mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-disabled" ng-reflect-disabled="true" disabled=""><div class="mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></button><div class="mat-mdc-tab-link-container"><div class="mat-mdc-tab-list" style="transform: translateX(0px);"><div class="mat-mdc-tab-links"><a _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-link="" routerlink="/page-a" class="mdc-tab mat-mdc-tab-link mat-mdc-focus-indicator" ng-reflect-router-link="/page-a" href="/page-a" aria-controls="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" aria-disabled="false" aria-selected="false" id="mat-tab-link-8" tabindex="-1" role="tab" ngh="0"><span class="mdc-tab__ripple"></span><div mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-ripple" ng-reflect-trigger="[object Object]" ng-reflect-disabled="false"></div><span class="mdc-tab__content"><span class="mdc-tab__text-label">page-a</span></span><span class="mdc-tab-indicator"><span class="mdc-tab-indicator__content mdc-tab-indicator__content--underline"></span></span></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-link="" routerlink="/page-b" class="mdc-tab mat-mdc-tab-link mat-mdc-focus-indicator" ng-reflect-router-link="/page-b" href="/page-b" aria-controls="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" aria-disabled="false" aria-selected="false" id="mat-tab-link-9" tabindex="-1" role="tab" ngh="0"><span class="mdc-tab__ripple"></span><div mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-ripple" ng-reflect-trigger="[object Object]" ng-reflect-disabled="false"></div><span class="mdc-tab__content"><span class="mdc-tab__text-label">page-b</span></span><span class="mdc-tab-indicator"><span class="mdc-tab-indicator__content mdc-tab-indicator__content--underline"></span></span></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-link="" routerlink="/page-c" class="mdc-tab mat-mdc-tab-link mat-mdc-focus-indicator" ng-reflect-router-link="/page-c" href="/page-c" aria-controls="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" aria-disabled="false" aria-selected="false" id="mat-tab-link-10" tabindex="-1" role="tab" ngh="0"><span class="mdc-tab__ripple"></span><div mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-ripple" ng-reflect-trigger="[object Object]" ng-reflect-disabled="false"></div><span class="mdc-tab__content"><span class="mdc-tab__text-label">page-c</span></span><span class="mdc-tab-indicator"><span class="mdc-tab-indicator__content mdc-tab-indicator__content--underline"></span></span></a></div></div></div><button aria-hidden="true" type="button" mat-ripple="" tabindex="-1" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-after mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-disabled" ng-reflect-disabled="true" disabled=""><div class="mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></button></nav><mat-tab-nav-panel _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" role="tabpanel" class="mat-mdc-tab-nav-panel" id="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" ngh="0"><router-outlet _ngcontent-ng-c607246935=""></router-outlet><app-page-b _nghost-ng-c2142520053="" ngh="0"><p _ngcontent-ng-c2142520053="">page-b works!</p></app-page-b><!--container--></mat-tab-nav-panel></app-root>
<script src="polyfills.js" type="module"></script><script src="main.js" type="module"></script>

<script id="ng-state" type="application/json">{"__nghData__":[{},{"n":{"1":"0fnf3","2":"1fn2f2","4":"3fn2f2","6":"5fn2f2","9":"7f"},"c":{"9":[{"i":"c2142520053","r":1}]}}]}</script></body>
<body class="mat-typography"><!--nghm-->
  <app-root _nghost-ng-c607246935="" ng-version="17.3.12" ngh="1" ng-server-context="ssr"><nav _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-nav-bar="" class="mat-mdc-tab-nav-bar mat-mdc-tab-header mat-mdc-tab-nav-bar-stretch-tabs mat-primary _mat-animation-noopable" ng-reflect-tab-panel="[object Object]" role="tablist" ngh="0"><button aria-hidden="true" type="button" mat-ripple="" tabindex="-1" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-before mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-disabled" ng-reflect-disabled="true" disabled=""><div class="mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></button><div class="mat-mdc-tab-link-container"><div class="mat-mdc-tab-list" style="transform: translateX(0px);"><div class="mat-mdc-tab-links"><a _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-link="" routerlink="/page-a" class="mdc-tab mat-mdc-tab-link mat-mdc-focus-indicator" ng-reflect-router-link="/page-a" href="/page-a" aria-controls="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" aria-disabled="false" aria-selected="false" id="mat-tab-link-8" tabindex="-1" role="tab" ngh="0"><span class="mdc-tab__ripple"></span><div mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-ripple" ng-reflect-trigger="[object Object]" ng-reflect-disabled="false"></div><span class="mdc-tab__content"><span class="mdc-tab__text-label">page-a</span></span><span class="mdc-tab-indicator"><span class="mdc-tab-indicator__content mdc-tab-indicator__content--underline"></span></span></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-link="" routerlink="/page-b" class="mdc-tab mat-mdc-tab-link mat-mdc-focus-indicator" ng-reflect-router-link="/page-b" href="/page-b" aria-controls="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" aria-disabled="false" aria-selected="false" id="mat-tab-link-9" tabindex="-1" role="tab" ngh="0"><span class="mdc-tab__ripple"></span><div mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-ripple" ng-reflect-trigger="[object Object]" ng-reflect-disabled="false"></div><span class="mdc-tab__content"><span class="mdc-tab__text-label">page-b</span></span><span class="mdc-tab-indicator"><span class="mdc-tab-indicator__content mdc-tab-indicator__content--underline"></span></span></a><a _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" mat-tab-link="" routerlink="/page-c" class="mdc-tab mat-mdc-tab-link mat-mdc-focus-indicator" ng-reflect-router-link="/page-c" href="/page-c" aria-controls="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" aria-disabled="false" aria-selected="false" id="mat-tab-link-10" tabindex="-1" role="tab" ngh="0"><span class="mdc-tab__ripple"></span><div mat-ripple="" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-ripple" ng-reflect-trigger="[object Object]" ng-reflect-disabled="false"></div><span class="mdc-tab__content"><span class="mdc-tab__text-label">page-c</span></span><span class="mdc-tab-indicator"><span class="mdc-tab-indicator__content mdc-tab-indicator__content--underline"></span></span></a></div></div></div><button aria-hidden="true" type="button" mat-ripple="" tabindex="-1" class="mat-ripple mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-after mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-disabled" ng-reflect-disabled="true" disabled=""><div class="mat-mdc-tab-header-pagination-chevron"></div></button></nav><mat-tab-nav-panel _ngcontent-ng-c607246935="" role="tabpanel" class="mat-mdc-tab-nav-panel" id="mat-tab-nav-panel-11" ngh="0"><router-outlet _ngcontent-ng-c607246935=""></router-outlet><app-page-b _nghost-ng-c2142520053="" ngh="0"><p _ngcontent-ng-c2142520053="">page-b works!</p></app-page-b><!--container--></mat-tab-nav-panel></app-root>
<script src="polyfills.js" type="module"></script><script src="main.js" type="module"></script>

<script id="ng-state" type="application/json">{"__nghData__":[{},{"n":{"1":"0fnf3","2":"1fn2f2","4":"3fn2f2","6":"5fn2f2","9":"7f"},"c":{"9":[{"i":"c2142520053","r":1}]}}]}</script></body>

　両ページともSSRによってサーバー側でレンダリングされているのでソースが表示されます。ただ開発者ツールのネットワークのリクエストを見ると、ページの遷移時にサーバーへのリクエストはないのでSPAで動いていることになります（多分）。

　このことから、SSRでもSPAを使用しているということになると思います。

コメント

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